There is a lot of disagreement about what qualifies as a "burner phone," but learning to put together a device that protects your most sensitive data from surveillance and seizure by govts and law enforcement is good, actually, so here is a guide from ACLU's Rebecca Williams:
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In 2025, the guide should be: do not use phone calls, use Signal (no littering of metadata). If there really are no other options for a critical situation, buy phone+SIM for cash, ideally wait until CCTV footage from store is deleted (phone or SIM can very likely be connected to the store), and throw out phone+SIM after that one call you need to make.
It's easy to form conclusions when you can track an unknown phone moving in synch with a known one.
In Australia that's not legally possible. Every SIM activation requires ID.
You can get around it of course but "burner phone" is fundamentally illegal as a concept here.
"We also explained that a fully powered-down phone should not be transmitting data to towers"
AFAIK this is not true. If you are a person of interest your phone can still be used for tracking.
This article linked below, is pretty good and includes a chapter on tracking while phones are off.
Therefore I consider the article linked above dangerously incomplete.
https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/stop-mobile-phone-tracking/